Which of the following is the most penetrating type of radiation?

Gamma radiation is the most penetrating type of radiation among the options provided. This is primarily due to its electromagnetic nature and high energy. Gamma rays are a form of high-frequency radiation that can travel through various materials, including air, human tissue, and even dense materials like lead and concrete, although they may be attenuated to some degree depending on the thickness and density of the material.

In terms of interaction with matter, gamma radiation does not carry an electric charge, which allows it to pass through materials with minimal interaction. Its high energy is effective at penetrating barriers that would stop other types of radiation, such as alpha and beta particles. Alpha particles, being heavy and positively charged, are easily stopped by a sheet of paper or the outer layer of skin. Beta particles, which are lighter and negatively charged, can penetrate a bit more than alpha particles but are still significantly limited compared to gamma rays, requiring materials like plastic or glass to effectively shield against them.

Neutron radiation is somewhat variable in its interaction, as neutrons are uncharged particles that can penetrate materials well, but their effectiveness is highly dependent on the presence of hydrogen-rich materials, which slow them down and increase their likelihood of interaction.

Thus, gamma radiation stands out as the most penetrating type,