Which measurement indicates the radiation dose received over time?

The measurement that indicates the radiation dose received over time is the dose equivalent. Dose equivalent provides a means to quantify the biological effects of radiation exposure on human tissues. It accounts for the type of radiation and its impact on health, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of how much radiation the body has absorbed over a specific period.

In contrast, radiation level typically refers to the intensity of radiation at a specific location, without necessarily providing a sense of the accumulated dose over time. Exposure rate, while it indicates how quickly radiation is encountered in a given interval, does not directly reflect the cumulative dose received. Exposure history summarizes prior radiation exposure but does not measure the ongoing dose or its biological impact in real-time. Therefore, dose equivalent is the most appropriate measurement for understanding the total effect of radiation exposure on an individual over time.