Which law states that radiation intensity decreases proportionally to the square of the distance?

The Inverse Square Law is fundamental in understanding how radiation intensity behaves with distance. This law states that as you move further away from a point source of radiation, the intensity of the radiation diminishes with the square of the distance from that source.

Mathematically, if the distance from the source is doubled, the intensity of the radiation is reduced to one-fourth of its original value. This occurs because radiation spreads out over a larger area as it travels away from the source, and thus the amount of radiation reaching a specific area decreases.

In practical applications, such as in radiology or radiation safety, this principle is essential for calculating safe distances from sources of radiation, ensuring that exposure remains within acceptable limits. The clear delineation in the Inverse Square Law helps professionals anticipate how much radiation exposure one might receive based on their proximity to a source, making it a crucial concept in both the science and management of radiological safety. The other options listed do not correctly describe this relationship, which is exclusively characterized by the Inverse Square Law.