Which device detects radiation through gas ionization?

The Geiger-Mueller counter is a device that detects radiation through the process of gas ionization. It operates by using a gas-filled chamber where radiation enters and interacts with the gas atoms, knocking off electrons and creating ion pairs. This ionization causes a current pulse that can be counted and measured, allowing for the detection and quantification of radiation levels.

When radiation passes through the Geiger-Mueller tube, it ionizes the gas within the tube. The resulting charged particles create an avalanche of ionization, leading to a measurable electrical signal. This process allows the Geiger-Mueller counter to be sensitive to different types of radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, making it a versatile tool for radiation detection.

The other devices listed operate on different principles. Liquid scintillators detect radiation by converting the energy from ionizing radiation into light, which is then measured. Scintillator detectors also utilize this light-emitting process, but typically involve solid or liquid materials that fluoresce when exposed to radiation. A frisker, often called a radiation survey meter or survey meter, may not be specifically designed for detecting radiation through ionization and often refers to handheld devices used for scanning surfaces or areas for radioactive contamination, which