What is the role of the anode in an X-ray tube?

The anode in an X-ray tube plays a crucial role in generating X-rays. When electrons that have been produced at the cathode are accelerated towards the anode, they gain a significant amount of kinetic energy. Upon striking the anode, the rapid deceleration of these electrons occurs, which leads to the release of energy in the form of X-rays. This process is known as Bremsstrahlung radiation, where the high-energy electrons interact with the nucleus of the anode material, leading to the emission of X-ray photons.

In addition to producing X-rays, the anode also has practical considerations, such as its ability to dissipate heat due to the high energy of the electrons. Materials commonly used for anodes, like tungsten, are chosen specifically for their high melting points and efficient X-ray production capabilities.

The other options describe functions that do not accurately reflect the primary role of the anode in X-ray production. While the anode is indeed part of an X-ray tube's structure, its foremost responsibility is the generation of X-rays when high-speed electrons collide with it.