What does the term "contamination" refer to in radiological terms?

In radiological terms, "contamination" specifically refers to the presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or in the body. This can occur when radioactive particles are released into the environment or when individuals are exposed to radioactive materials, leading to their accumulation on skin, clothing, or other surfaces. Contamination is a critical concept because it poses a health risk; radioactive materials can emit radiation, leading to potential internal or external exposure, which may have harmful effects on living organisms.

Understanding contamination is essential in the context of safety protocols and decontamination processes in environments where radioactive materials are present. It emphasizes the need for careful monitoring and decontamination procedures to protect both people and the environment from the effects of radioactive exposure.

The other terms listed refer to different aspects of radiological science. For instance, external radiation exposure relates to the radiation that comes from an external source rather than being a deposited radioactive material. The decay of isotopes describes a process where unstable isotopes lose energy and transform into more stable forms over time. Transformation of isotopes refers to nuclear reactions where isotopes change into different elements or isotopes, a process distinct from contamination, which is about the physical presence of radioactive substances.