What does the term "artifact" mean in radiology?

In radiology, the term "artifact" refers to an unintended alteration in an image that does not accurately represent the structures or objects being imaged. Artifacts can arise from various sources, including equipment malfunctions, patient movement, or interactions between the imaging modality and the physical properties of the tissue or objects being assessed. These discrepancies can lead to distortions or misleading features in the image, potentially affecting diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing and understanding artifacts are crucial for radiologists and technicians, as it enables them to differentiate between actual pathology and artifacts, ensuring accurate interpretations of medical images.

The other choices pertain to established imaging practices or devices but do not accurately define what an artifact is in the context of radiology. Artifacts are primarily identified as unintentional, contrasting with intended modifications in imaging techniques or devices that aim to enhance clarity or detail.