What does ionizing radiation do to human tissue?

Ionizing radiation causes damage to DNA, which is one of its most significant effects on human tissue. When ionizing radiation encounters biological tissues, it has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, leading to ionization of those atoms. This process can directly break chemical bonds or create free radicals, which in turn can damage the DNA structures within cells.

The damage to DNA can result in mutations, which, if not repaired correctly by the cell's own repair mechanisms, can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer. This is why ionizing radiation is considered a significant risk factor for various types of cancer.

While some forms of radiation may stimulate repair processes in small doses, the predominant concern and well-documented effect of ionizing radiation on human health is its potential to damage genetic material, leading to long-term consequences such as carcinogenesis. Thus, the statement that ionizing radiation causes damage to DNA and potentially leads to cancer accurately reflects its biological impact on human tissue.